A Reuters article questions whether or not darija, Morocco’s dialect (which is called a dialect of Arabic, but having studied both I know there is little connection at times) should be the national language.
While I don’t think the article has truly gotten it right, it is certainly an interesting point to ponder. See, Morocco’s official language is Arabic. As in MSA. As in Al-Arabiyya Fus’ha. And yet few Moroccans ever have cause to speak it. It’s similar to what would happen if the official language of the United States were Middle English.
Darija, on the other hand, is somewhat of an Arabic bastardization. While it’s certainly in the Arabic language group, uses (most of) the Arabic alphabet (exception “th,” additions “g” and “p”), listen for five minutes to 2M and five to Al Jazeera and you will see how utterly and entirely different the two languages are.
Now, add to the mix the fact that Morocco was a French colony, parts of it were a Spanish colony, and the native Moroccans (the Berbers or Amazigh) have three of their own languages, and you’ve got one confused country. Other African nations with many tribal languages have found the solution to be instituting a national non-native language (such as Senegal with French), sometimes alongside a popular native one. Morocco doesn’t really have that as a realistic option - school is mostly taught in Fus’ha, with administrative issues handled in darija, and economics taught in French from the start (with a smattering of English words, of course). French rolls off the tongue more easily than Arabic for most.
So what can Moroccans do? Last fall, Nichane, a sister magazine to French-language TelQuel, was released and immediately shut down (on unrelated charges), though it is now back and running - it was the first magazine to be published in darija. Singers, rappers, those of the spoken word - all produce their material in darija. Radio is often in darija, 2M is often in darija, and as the Reuters article states, there is now a book of poetry in darija. Darija is the language of the Moroccan heart.
But Morocco is in a bit of a pickle - it wants to be tight with both the Western nations and the Gulf - and obviously, the latter would certainly prefer if Morocco were to use Modern Standard Arabic for everything (a Kuwaiti web forum started the controversy over Nichane which lead to its journalists being arrested and fined, and I have no doubt language played a part). Additionally, Morocco is a country with a shockingly low literacy rate - in order to get people to read, darija must either be put onto paper, or Arabic or French used.
A pickle, indeed.